Among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognised by the United Nations, ‘access to clean and affordable energy’, ‘decent work and economic growth’, and ‘gender equality’ are pivotal to a people-positive transition and ensuring a just and inclusive development worldwide.
In India, with about 65% of the population residing in rural areas, rural development is integral to the nation’s overall development strategy. Since 2001, India has extended electricity access to over 800 million people, yet 2.4% of households remain unelectrified, and of the electrified households, only 0.33% are powered by off-grid sources.
Geographic limitations, policy inconsistencies and lack of infrastructure hinder universal electrification. Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE) such as solar mini-grids offer a cost-effective and innovative solution to expand energy access and drive rural development towards India’s larger vision of ‘Developed India 2047’ (Viksit Bharat 2047).
Current Challenges in the Rural Electrification
Although India is nearing its goal of connecting 100% of households to the national grid, quality and reliability of power remain critical issues, particularly in the Northeast region. States like Nagaland face challenges with intermittent supply, low voltage, and frequent power outages. Both grid extension and renewable energy infrastructure development require significant upfront investments. Even with infrastructure, geographic conditions and transportation, maintenance, and service charges increase energy costs. The limited availability of skilled professionals also hinders technology installation and maintenance. The lack of energy access impacts the local economy, job opportunities, and overall quality of life. Adequate support, policy reforms, and technological aid are crucial to overcoming the current challenges in the energy landscape and the realisation of SDGs.
